PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.